Tổng hợp kiến thức cho học sinh 12 ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh

SỞ GIÁO DỤC – ĐÀO TẠO BÌNH THUẬN
TRƯỜNG THPT BC CHU VĂN AN
Tổng hợp kiến thức cho học sinh 12
ôn thi Tốt nghiệp THPT.
(For internal use only)
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
	Qua 10 năm tham gia giảng dạy chương trình 12, tôi nhận thấy rằng đa số học sinh 12 tại trường THPT có học lực trung bình và yếu môn Anh văn.
Chính vì vậy khi gần đến giai đoạn ôn thi tốt nghiệp thì học sinh thấy hoang mang, không biết mình phải ôn những gì và bắt đầu học ôn từ đâu. Nguyên nhân là do các em lười học dẫn đến mất căn bản. Do đó để có thêm phương tiện ôn tập những nội dung trọng yếu của sách giáo khoa trong chương trình THPT. Tôi đã mạnh dạn hệ thống hoá kiến thức cơ bản liên quan đến nội dung thi tốt nghiệp và một số dạng bài tập củng cố. Với chuyên đề này, học sinh 12 sẽ có định hướng đúng cho việc ôn luyện thi tốt nghiệp của mình, sẽ tự tin hơn khi củng cố lại được toàn bộ kiến thức để vững vàng bước vào kì thi tốt nghiệp sắp tới. Tôi hy vọng chuyên đề này sẽ rất cần thiết và bổ ích đối với tất cả các em học sinh phổ thông đặc biệt là học sinh 12.
*Chuyên đề này gồm:
1. Cách dùng các thì + Bài tập luyện.
2. Sự phối hợp thì + Bài tập luyện.
3. Thể bị động + Bài tập luyện.
4. Một số động từ theo sau là V-ing, to Infinitive, và một số động từ theo sau cả V-ing và to – infinitive.
5. Câu tường thuật + Bài tập luyện.
6. Câu mong ước với wish + Bài tập.
7. Câu điều kiện + Bài tập.
8. Dạng so sánh + Bài tập.
9. Những điểm ngữ pháp cần chú ý.
10. Một số mẫu câu thường dùng trong Tiếng Anh THPT- 12 (7 năm).
 Những điểm văn phạm này được trình bày khá ngắn gọn, có ví dụ cụ thể, có bài tập thực hành, đặc biệt có những chú ý quan trọng giúp cho học sinh nhớ được kiến thức để dễ dàng vận dụng vào bài tập. Những kiến thức trên đã được tôi áp dụng giảng dạy chương trình 12 và thu được kết quả đáng khích lệ. Tuy nhiên chuyên đề này sẽ không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót và cần nhiều bổ sung. Rất mong nhận được sự đóng góp ý kiến của đồng nghiệp và các bạn đọc gần xa.
	Xin chân thành cảm ơn!
 I/THE USE OF THE BASIC TENSES IN ENGLISH
S1(3, it - he, she, it, Lan) + Vs/ Ves	 	
S2(cßn l¹i - I, you, they, Nam and Lan..) + V 
S1 + doesnot + V/ S2 + donot + V
Do/es(n’t) + S + V?
1. The simple present tense. 
	* to be: S + am/ is/ are (not) + 
 	(I = am, sè Ýt = is, sè nhiỊu = are)	 	
	* §éng tõ th­êng:(live, go)
@ C¸ch thªm ‘s, es’ : Th«ng th­êng ta thªm "s", tuy nhiªn :
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "s, x, z, ch, sh, p.©m+o" ta thªm "es "
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "p.©m+y", chuyĨn thµnh ‘p.©m+ies’
+ Sè Ýt cđa “have” lµ “has”
@ C¸ch dïng:
- DiƠn t¶ mét ch©n lÝ, mét sù kiƯn khoa häc hay mét hiƯn t­ỵng tù nhiªn.
Ex : The earth moves around the sun/ Leaves fall in winter.
- DiƠn t¶ mét phong tơc, thãi quen ë hiƯn t¹i, th­êng cã c¸c tr¹ng tõ: always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ yea.r, once/ three time... a week/ month ..
Ex: I usually have bread for breakfast/ He often gets up at 5.30
- Mét t×nh huèng, c«ng viƯc l©u dµi, , hoỈc mét ch­¬ng tr×nh, thêi khãa biĨu, lÞch tµu xe...
Ex: I’m a teacher/ He works in a bank
 The train E12 leaves at 4p.m/ There is a football match at 9p.m tonight.
 	@Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present tense, then turn into negative and interrogative (Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại đơn, sau đĩ chuyển sang thể phủ định và nghi vấn)
Mary (go) to school every day.
These buses  (pass) my house four times a day.
Every child in the world . (love) the story of Cinderella.
Nam and Lan . (be) best friends.
The sun  (rise) in the East.
Mrs. Thao . (teach) me English.
Water .. (boil) at 100oC.
There .. (be) a football match on VTV1 at 8 p.m tonight. 
I . (often have) breakfast at 6.30.
10.My brother .. (work) in the post office.
2. The present continuous tense.	
S + am/is/are (not)+ V- ing
 @ C¸ch thªm "ing" : Th«ng th­êng, ta thªm "ing" vµo sau ®éng tõ, tuy nhiªn :
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ  "p.©m+e", bá ‘‘e’’ råi thªm ‘‘ing’’
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ "ie", chuyĨn thµnh ‘‘ying’’
+ §éng tõ 1 vÇn hoỈc 2 vÇn cã dÊu nhÊn ë cuèi, tËn cïng lµ "1 ng.©m+1 p.©m", gÊp ®«i p.©m råi thªm "ing" (ngo¹i trõ "w", "x")
@ C¸ch dïng :
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra t¹i thêi ®iĨm nãi., th­êng dïng víi : now,right now, at the/ this moment, at presen, at this time.
	Ex:Tom is eating dinner now.
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng, c«ng viƯc t¹m thêi, dïng víi “today, tonight, this week..”
	Ex: He works while his teacher is teaching.
- DiƠn t¶ mét dù ®Þnh, nhÊt lµ víi c¸c ®éng tõ chØ sù chuyĨn ®éng (leave, arrive, come, go)
	Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow.
3. The present perfect tense.
	 S + has/have(not) + Ved/3 
@ C¸ch thªm “ed”: Th«ng th­êng ta thªm “ed” ®Ĩ thµnh lËp qu¸ khø ®¬n vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ, tuy nhiªn:
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ “e, ee”, chØ thªm “d”
+ §éng tõ tËn cïng lµ “p.©m+y”, chuyĨn thµnh “p.©m+ied”
+ §éng tõ 1 vÇn hoỈc 2 vÇn cã dÊu nhÊn ë cuèi, tËn cïng lµ "1 ng.©m+1 p.©m", gÊp ®«i p.©m råi thªm "ed" (ngo¹i trõ "w", "x")	
@ C¸ch dïng:
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø nh­ng kh«ng biÕt râ thêi gian.
	Ex: John has travelled around the world/ I’ve already met her
-DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø, kÐo dµi ®Õn hiƯn t¹i hoỈc hËu qu¶ cßn ë hiƯn t¹i.
	Ex: Nam has lived in Hanoi for 10 years/ I’ve lost my keys.
- Mét kinh nghiƯm, ®iỊu tõng tr¶i trong cuéc sèng.
	Ex: I have lived in Pleiku for 30 years.
	*C¸c tr¹ng tõ th­êng dïng: just, already, recently, lately, never, ever, before, yet, not.....yet, since, for, during the last(few years),for the last.........months, in the last few weeks, how long, so far, until now, up to now, up to present, it/this/that/he/she. is/are.. the first/second/last/so s¸nh nhÊt
4. The simple past tense. 
 * to be: S + was/ were (not) + .
 (Ýt = was, nhiỊu = were)
 * §éng tõ th­êng:
 S + Ved/ 2
 S + did not + V1 
Did(n’t) + S + V1?
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra vµ kÕt thĩc trong qu¸ khø víi thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh
Ex: Mr Pike visited us yesterday/ Sam phoned me a moment ago.
- DiƠn t¶ mét chuçi c¸c sù kiƯn x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
	Ex: Yesterday, I got up late. I hurriedly washed my face, brushed my teeth, then went to school.
- DiƠn t¶ mét thãi quen hay mét c«ng viƯc l©u dµi trong qu¸ khø.
	Ex: I often played football in the morning last year.
*C¸c tr¹ng tõ th­êng dïng: ago, yesterday, the day beore yesterday, last........., in 1999., when...
5. The past continuous tense.
 S + was/were (not)+ V- ing
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra ë mét thêi ®iĨm hay c¶ mét kho¶ng thêi gian trong qu¸ khø, th­êng dïng víi at 7.00/ this time/ moment yesterday/ last night., then, at that moment..
	Ex: I was writing a letter at 8 o'clock last night.
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø (tr­íc, dµi – QKTD) th× mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c x¶y ra (qu¸ khø ®¬n)
	Ex: I was having dinner when he came.
- DiƠn t¶ hai hµnh ®éng x¶y ra ®ång thêi trong qu¸ khø.
	Ex:Mary was watching TV while Tom was reading newspaper.
6. The past perfect tense.
	 S +had(not) + Ved/3
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra vµ hoµn tÊt tr­íc (t¹i) mét thêi ®iĨm hoỈc mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: John had gone to the store before he went home.
By the end of 2000, Tom had lived in Paris for 5 years.
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng ®­ỵc mong muèn, tr«ng ®ỵi trong qu¸ khø, th­êng dïng víi expect, think, believe, doubt, hope
*Các tr¹ng tõ th­êng dïng: by, until, no sooner. than, as soon as, after, before, when
 7. The present perfect continuous.
	 S + have/has(not) + been + V_ing
-DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø, kÐo dµi ®Õn hiƯn t¹i vµ vÉn cßn tiÕp tơc ở t­¬ng lai.
	Ex: I have been teaching in Ia Grai high school since 1999.
-§Ị cËp ®Õn mét ho¹t ®éng ë qu¸ khø vµ cßn ®Ĩ l¹i kÕt qu¶ ë hiƯn t¹i.	
	Ex: She has been crying. Her eyes are red.
8. The past perfect continuous tense.
	 S + had(not) been + V- ing
- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng qu¸ khø x¶y ra vµ kÐo dµi cho ®Õn khi hµnh ®éng qu¸ khø thø 2 x¶y ra ( hµnh ®éng thø 2 dïng qu¸ khø ®¬n).
 Ex: Last night,I had been watching TV for half an hour when the lights went out.
9. The simple future tense. 
 I, we = Shall, Will: tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i. S + will/ Shall(not) + V1
(willnot = won’t, shallnot = shant)
- DiƠn t¶ hµnh ®éng sÏ x¶y ra ë t­¬ng lai (t­¬ng lai thuÇn) hoỈc c¸c dù ®o¸n, suy nghÜ vỊ t­¬ng lai.
	Ex: He will be 20 next week/ I think it will rain this Sunday.
* C¸c tr¹ng tõ th­êng dïng: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, sooner or later, someday/ time, next......, in a month, this + 1 thêi ®iĨm ë t­¬ng lai. Dïng víi: think, believe, expect, hope, be sure, be certain, possibly, probably, perhaps
- DiƠn t¶ mét lêi ®Ị nghÞ , lêi mêi( c©u hái) hoỈc mét hµnh ®éng t­¬ng lai ®­ỵc quyÕt ®Þnh ngay luc nãi.
	Ex:1. Will you go shopping with me?
	 2. Nam is in hospital. – Really? I’ll visit him.
10. The near future tense.
	S + am/is/are(not) + going to + Inf
- Hµnh ®éng s¾p vµ sÏ x¶y ra trong t­¬ng lai gÇn.
	Ex: Look ! It's going to rain
- ChØ mét hµnh ®éng sÏ thùc hiƯn theo ý ®Þnh.
	Ex: I am going to sell my house.
*Chĩ ý: "go/come" kh«ng dïng trong cÊu trĩc "be going to" mµ thay vµo ®ã dïng th× HTTD.
11. The future perfect tense.
	S + will/ shall + have + Ved/ 3
	- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng sÏ hoµn thµnh tr­íc mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c b¾t ®Çu.
	Ex: The games will have finished before we arrive.
	- DiƠn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng sÏ hoµn thµnh tr­íc mét thêi gian nhÊt ®Þnh ë t­¬ng lai.
	Ex: He will have finished his work by 5 o'clock.
	 We shall have graduated by this time next year.
12. The future continuous tense.
	S + will/ shall + be + V_ing.
	- ChØ mét hµnh ®éng sÏ diƠn tiÕn t¹i mét thêi ®iĨm trong t­¬ng lai.
	Ex: I will be waiting for her at the station at four o'clock tomorrow.
	- ChØ hµnh ®éng dù ®Þnh sÏ ®­ỵc diƠn ra trong t­¬ng lai.
	Ex: He will probably be seeing Hoa tomorrow. They study at the same school.
 @ Tõ ®©y, khi hs thÊy “PP”, tøc past participle th× hiĨu lµ Ved/ 3
EXERCISE ON TENSES
	*Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
1. I (not see)..............him since last Monday.
2. They had sold all the books when we (get)......... there.
3. I think he (leave)..............as soon as he (know)................the new.
4. When my friend grows a beard, even his closest friend (not, recognize).........him.
5. I (never read)......a story that interested me so much as the one I (read)........last night.
6. He (sleep)..............so he couldn't understand what you said to him.
7. I (finish)............the book before my next birthday.
8. I (wait)...............for you at the hotel at midday tomorrow.
9. He said he (do).............his homework since 7 o'clock.
10. They (build)...............a new house in this corner of the street right now.
11. How many films...............you (see).... ... she was.
 5. Everyone was (nervous)...................as you were.
 6. (Expensive)...............hotels are usually (comfortable).......................
 7. The city centre wasn't ( crowded )................. this morning as it usually is.
 8. That was (delicious).................... meal I've had for a long time.
II/Complete the following sentences: 
 1. My salary is high but yours is very high.
 -His salary................................................
 2. He still smokes but he smoked a lot 2 years ago.
 -He used to.............................................................
 3. She works hard. We work hard, too.
 -We........................................................
 4. No one in this class is as tall as Jimmy.
 -Jimmy....................................................
 5. You didn't speak more than I did.
 -I....................................................
 6. I can't cook as well as my mother does.
 -My mother............................................
 7. Janet is the best tennis-player in this club.
 -No one.......................................................
 8. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
 -Apples are not.........................................
 9. You know him better than you do.
 -You don't..............................................
 10. Marie is certainly not so intelligent as her sister.
 -Marie's sister.........................................................	
 	 * PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES
	(Nh÷ng giíi tõ theo sau nh÷ng tÝnh tõ)
 * Häc sinh cÇn ph¶i häc thuéc lòng nh÷ng t×nh tõ theo sau lµ c¸c giíi tõ sau:
 	*TO: acceptable(cã thĨ chÊp nhËn), accustomed(quen víi), agreable(phï hỵp víi), contrary(tr¸i ng­ỵc), harmful(cã h¹i), important(quan träng), kind(tư tÕ), likely(cã thĨ), lucky( may m¨n), open(më ra cho ), pleasant(dƠ chÞu), similar( gièng víi).
	 Ex: He is very kind to me.
	*OF : afraid(sỵ ), ahead(vỊ phÝa tr­íc), aware(ý thøc), capable(cã kh¶ n¨ng),ccnfident
 (tin t­ëng), full(®Çy),kind.
 Ex:It is very kind of you.
	*FOR : available(cã s½n), difficult(khã kh¨n), late(trƠ), just right (hoµn h¶o), useful(cã Ých).
	*AT : clever(th«ng minh), present(cã mỈt) , quick(nhanh), skillful(khÐo lÐo).
	*IN : interested(quan t©m vỊ), rich(giµu), successful(thµnh c«ng).
	*ABOUT: confused(bèi rèi), sad(buån), serious(nghiªm chØnh).
	*FROM : absent(v¾ng),different(kh¸c vãi), safe(an toµn), seperated (t¸ch biƯt)
	*WITH: acquainted(quen víi), crowded(®«ng ®ĩc), friendly(th©n thiƯn), popular(phỉ biÕn), busy (bËn rén), disappointed (thÊt väng).
	* TWO -WORD VERBS
	 (§éng tõ gåm hai tõ)
 *Häc thuéc lßng:
go after(®uỉi theo), go ahead(®­ỵc tiÕn hµnh), go along(ph¸t triĨn), go away(ra ®i), go back(quay trë l¹i), go by(tr«I ®i), go down(gi¶m gi¸), go off(nỉ,ch¸y), go on(tiÕp tơc), go out(bÞ dËp t¾t), go over(kiĨm tra kü), go up(t¨ng lªn), look up(tra tõ ®iĨn), look for(t×m kiÕm), look after(tr«ng nom, ch¨m sãc), turn off(t¾t), turn on(më), put off(tr× ho·n), put on(m¹c vµo), take off(cëi ra), take care of(ch¨m sãc).
	IX/ GRAMMAR NOTES
I/THOUGH/ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH/ EVEN IF ..+ CLAUSE: clauses of concession or contrast ( MƯnh ®Ị chØ sù nh­ỵng bé hoỈc t­¬ng ph¶n)
 Ex: They walked to school though it was raining.
 He went to work yesterday although he had a bad cold.
II/IN SPITE OF/DESPITE + PHRASE (noun or gerund modifiers)
 Ex: They walked to school in spite of the rain.
 He went to work yesterday despite of his bad cold / in spite of having a bad cold.
III/BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE + CLAUSE : clause of reason ( MƯnh ®Ị chØ lý do) 
 	Ex: Because he behaves so badly, he was punished.
IV/BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO/ OWING TO + PHRASE (Cơm tõ chØ lý do ).
	Ex:Because of his bad behaviour, he was punished.
V/USED TO +INFINITIVE is often used to express:
 1.A repeated or habitual action in the past.(Mét hµnh động lỈp l¹i hoỈc mét thãi quen
 trong qu¸ khø).
Ex: Mr Nam used to come here everyday.
 I used to go fishing with my uncle.
 2. A permanent state or the existence of something in the past. (Mét tinh tr¹ng hoỈc mét sù tån t¹i trong qu¸ khø).
Ex: Pleiku town used to be very small
 I used to know him well in my school days.
 *Notes: The simple past or Would + infinitive is also used to express a habitual action in the 
 past
	Ex: Years back, I had a cold bath in the morning.( would have/ used to have).
 * ThĨ phđ ®Þnh vµ thĨ hái cã thĨ thµnh lËp theo c¸c c¸ch kh¸c nhau:
	a. Negative.
	Ex:He used not (usedn't, usen't) to answer.
	 She didn't use to go there regularly.
	 He never used to go to class late.
	b.Interrogative.
	 Used he to visit you regularly?
	 Did she used to take the bus?
	VI/BE USED TO + NOUN/ GERUND = BE ACCUSTOMED TO = GET USED TO = BECOME USED TO + NOUN/ GERUND : Quen, thÝch nghi víi
	Ex: Don't worry, I am used to this kind of work.
 She felt sleep because she was not used to getting up early.
 We are used to the hot weather here; We even enjoy it.
	VII/SO THAT/ IN ORDER THAT + CLAUSE: clauses of purpose ( MƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých : ®Ĩ mµ .)
 	Ex: He hurried back so that he wouldn't be late for the film.
	 She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn't catch cold.
	*MƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých th­êng ®­ỵc dïng víi : will, can, may, could, should, would ,might.
	*§éng tõ ë mƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých th­êng ®­ỵc chia theo th× cđa mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh
 	VIII/TO/ IN ORDER TO/ SO AS TO + INFINITIVE: Phrases of purpose (Cơm tõ chØ mơc ®Ých).:§Ĩ ....
 Ex:He hurried to the station so as to catch the train.
	IN ORDER NOT TO / SO AS NOT TO + INFINITIVE : §Ĩ mµ kh«ng.
	Ex: I took off my shoes so as not to make any noise.
	 He hurried to the station in order not to miss the train.
 EXERCISE: I/Rewrite the following sentences:
 1.In spite of all the noise outside, the student kept on working.
 -Although..............................................................................
 2Although the weather was hot, they played football.
-In spite of ..............................................................
 3.Jim was absent because he was ill.
-Because of..................................
 4.Our train was late because the fog was quite thick.
 -Because of............................................................
 5.You are given the position because of your good English.
 -Because...........................................................................
 6. Though they are poor, they are always neatly dressed.
 -Despite........................................................................
 7.We will build socialism successfully in spite of all the difficulties
 -Although......................................................................................
 8.They didn't go out because of the heavy rain.
 - Because......................................................
 9.He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow.
 -Because of....................................................................................
 10.He didn't play tennis any longer.
 He used.....................................
 II/Complete these sentences with USE, USED TO, BE USED TO, or GET USED TO.
 1. They........................ a computer to do the most complicated calculations.
 2. When I was a child, I (go ).................... swimming every day.
 3. It took me a long time to (wear).................. glasses.
 4. Please show me hoe to............................. this newly published dictionary.
 5. There (be).................... cinema on this corner but it was knocked out.
 6. These bricks (build)................. a new school.
 7. I'm self – respected. I ( not be)..................... told what to do.
 8. You'll have to (eat)........................ less if you want to lose weight.
 9. I (love)................... Ann, but now she gets on my nerves.
 10. Ron got tired very quickly. He (not run)................... so fast.
 11. He felt confused about how to ......................... spoon and a fork at the table.
 12. At first she found it very hard to drive on the lelf – hand side in London, but after a few times she................it.
 13. He................ his present working conditions.
 14. Tom (drink).................. a lot of coffee, when he was a student.
15. My grandfather is no longer as strong as she (be)..................
III/Combine these pair of sentences, using adverbial clauses of purpose.
 1. She went to the bookshop. She wanted to buy a dictionary.
 2. I'll give you my address. I want you to be able to come with me.
 3. The teacher spoke very slowly. He wanted his pupils to understand what he said.
 4. He sent his children to their sister's house. He wanted to have some peace.
 5. My parents sent me to the USA. They wanted me to study computer.
 6. My brother is learning English. He can get a good job.
 7. The children get up early. They can do morning exercises.
 8. She is sending the package early. She wants it to arrive in time for her mother's birthday.
 9. My mother wore warm clothes. She didn't want to get cold.
 10. Nick hurried. He didn't want to be late.
 X/ SOME COMMON PATTERNS IN ENGLISH 12 (7 YEARS)
 (Mét sè mÉu c©u th­êng dïng ®Ĩ viÕt l¹i c©u)
1.S + be/V + so + adj/adv + that + S + V...........: Qu¸............ ®Õn nçi mµ...........
 ĩS + be/V + too + adj/adv+ (for + O) + to – Inf.....: Qu¸......(®èi víi) ai ®Ĩ lµm g×.
 ĩS + be/V + not + adj /adv+ enough + to – Inf....: Kh«ng ®đ nh­ thÕ nµo.... ®Ĩ lµm g×.
2.S + spend + time + V-ing.....: Ai ®ã tèn bao nhiªu thêi gian lµm g×.
ĩIt+ take + O + time + to – Inf..... : Ai ®ã mÊt bao nhiªu thêi gian ®Ĩ lµm g×.
	*Spend vµ take ph¶i cïng th×.
3. It + be + such + (a/an ) + adj + noun + that + S + V...........
 ĩNoun + be + so + adj + that + S + V............
* To be chia theo chđ ng÷ vµ cïng th× víi mƯnh ®Ị ®· cho.
4.It + be + adj/ N + to – Inf/ V-ing/ That clause...... Ex: It is very harmful to smoke.
 ĩ V-ing/ to-inf/ that clause.+ be + adj/N	 To smoke/ Smoking is very harmful.
5.Would you like + to – Inf........? => Do you feel like + V-ing...........?......
6. Shall we + Infinitive ................? =>What about/ How about + V- ing....?/ Let’s .
7. S + advise/premit/recommend/allow + O + to – Inf........
 S + advise/premit/recommend/allow + V- ing...........
* Nh÷ng ®éng tõ nµy ë thĨ bÞ ®éng lu«n dïng TO - Inf sau nã.
8. Relative clauses.
 S + V + adj/ N ....S’ + V’ + O.
=>S + who + V’ + O + V + adj/ N (Khi S vµ S’ : chØ 1 ®èi t­ỵng )
 whom + S’ + V’ + V + adj/ N (Khi S vµ O : chØ 1 ®èi t­ỵng )
 which + V’ + O ( T­¬ng tù : chØ vËt ) + S + V	
9. S + no longer/seldom/......... + V + ...............
ĩNo longer / seldom /........... + do/does/did/is, am, was.../can.... + S +V...(§¶o ng÷ ).
ĩ S + do/does/did/is, are, was/can..... + NOT + ( V ) +......ANY LONGER/MORE.
10. S + be + adj + preposition + V-ing.... 
 Ex: He is used to getting up early.
The children are absorbed in playing games on computer.
*TÊt c¶ c¸c d¹ng : bÞ ®éng , so s¸nh, c©u mong ­íc, c©u t­êng thuËt,c©u ®iỊu kiƯn, c©u chØ sù nh­ỵng bé, mƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých...
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