Khẳng định: S + had + been + V_ing + O
Phủ định: S + hadn't + been+ V-ing + O
Nghi vấn: Had + S + been + V-ing + O?
Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.
Cách dùng th́ quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
Thỡ quỏ khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đó đang xảy ra trong quá khứ và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác xảy ra và cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TN THPT 2020 Ngữ pháp và bài tập kèm theo Năm 2020 Tài liệu sưu tầm PHẦN I: CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 CÁC THÌ (TENSES) 1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN SIMPLE PRESENT VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG Khẳng định: S + Vs/es + O Phủ định: S + DO/DOES + NOT + V +O Nghi vấn: DO/DOES + S + V+ O ? VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE Khẳng định: S + AM/IS/ARE + O Phủ định: S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + O Nghi vấn: AM/IS/ARE + S + O Từ nhận biết: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently. Cỏch dựng: Thỡ hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiờn. Vớ dụ: The sun ries in the East. Tom comes from England. Thỡ hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. Vớ dụ: Mary often goes to school by bicycle. I get up early every morning. Lưu ý: ta thêm "es" sau các động từ tận cùng là: O, S, X, CH, SH. Thỡ hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con người Vớ dụ: He plays badminton very well Thỡ hiện tại đơn cũn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá biểu, đặc biệt dùng với các động từ di chuyển. 2. THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT CONTINUOUS Cụng thức Khẳng định: S + be (am/ is/ are) + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + BE + NOT + V_ing + O Nghi vấn: BE + S + V_ing + O Từ nhận biết: Now, right now, at present, at the moment Cỏch dựng thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn Thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kẫo dài dài một thời gian ở hiện tại. Ex: The children are playing football now. Thỡ này cũng thường tiếp theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh. Ex: Look! the child is crying. Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. Thỡ này cũn diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại dùng với phó từ ALWAYS: Ex: He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember - Thỡ này cũn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần) Ex: He is coming tomrow Lưu ý: Khụng dựng thỡ này với cỏc động từ chỉ nhận thức chi giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love. hate, realize, seem, remmber, forget,.......... Ex: I am tired now. She wants to go for a walk at the moment. Do you understand your lesson? 3. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH - PRESENT PERFECT Khẳng định: S + have/ has + Past participle (V3) + O Phủ định: S + have/ has + NOT + Past participle + O Nghi vấn: have/ has + S + Past participle + O Từ nhận biết: already, not... yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before... Cách dùng th́ hiện tại hoàn thành: Thỡ hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đó xảy ra hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra ở 1 thời gian không xác định trong quá khứ. Thỡ hiện tại hoàn thành cũng diễn tả sự lập đi lập lại của 1 hành động trong quá khứ. Thỡ hiện tại hoàn thành cũng được dùng với since và for. Since + thời gian bắt đầu (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi người nói dùng since, người nghe phải tính thời gian là bao lâu. For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian là bao lâu. 4. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Khẳng định: S has/have + been + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + Hasn't/ Haven't + been+ V-ing + O Nghi vấn: Has/HAve+ S+ been + V-ing + O? Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far. Cách dùng th́ hiện tại hoàn thành: Thỡ hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đó xảy ra trong quỏ khứ và tiếp tục tới hiện tại (cú thể tới tương lai). 5. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN - SIMPLE PAST VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG Khẳng định: S + V_ed + O Phủ định: S + DID+ NOT + V + O Nghi vấn: DID + S+ V+ O ? VỚI TOBE Khẳng định: S + WAS/WERE + O Phủ định: S+ WAS/ WERE + NOT + O Nghi vấn: WAS/WERE + S+ O ? Từ nhận biết: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night. Cách dùng th́ quá khứ đơn: Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đó xảy ra và kết thỳc trong quỏ khứ với thời gian xỏc định. CHỦ TỪ + éỘNG TỪ QUÁ KHỨ When + thỡ quỏ khứ đơn (simple past) When + hành động thứ nhất 6. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN - PAST CONTINUOUS Khẳng định: S + was/were + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + wasn't/weren't + V-ing + O Nghi vấn: Was/Were + S+ V-ing + O? Từ nhận biết: While, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning (afternoon). Cách dùng th́ quá khứ tiếp diễn: Dùng để diễn tả hành động đó xảy ra cựng lỳc. Nhưng hành động thứ nhất đó xảy ra sớm hơn và đó đang tiếp tục xảy ra thỡ hành động thứ hai xảy ra. CHỦ TỪ + WERE/WAS + éỘNG TÙ THấM - ING While + thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn (past progressive) 7. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH - PAST PERFECT Khẳng định: S + had + Past Participle (V3) + O Phủ định: S + hadn't + Past Participle + O Nghi vấn: Had + S + Past Participle + O? Từ nhận biết: after, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for.... Cách dùng th́ quá khứ hoàn thành: Thỡ quỏ khứ hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động đó xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động khác cũng xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. 8. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Khẳng định: S + had + been + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + hadn't + been+ V-ing + O Nghi vấn: Had + S + been + V-ing + O? Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after. Cách dùng th́ quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Thỡ quỏ khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đó đang xảy ra trong quá khứ và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác xảy ra và cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ 9. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI - SIMPLE FUTURE Khẳng định: S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ V(infinitive) + O Nghi vấn: shall/will + S + V(infinitive) + O? Cách dùng th́ tương lai: Khi đoán (predict, guess), dùng will hoặc be going to. Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will. CHỦ TỪ + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + éỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form) Khi diễn tả sự tỡnh nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dựng will khụng được dựng be going to. CHỦ TỪ + WILL + éỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form) 10. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE CONTINUOUS Khẳng định: S + shall/will + be + V_ing+ O Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O Nghi vấn: shall/will +S+ be + V_ing+ O Từ nhận biết: in the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon. Cách dùng th́ tương lai tiếp diễn: Thỡ tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai. CHỦ TỪ + WILL + BE + éỘNG TỪ THấM -ING hoặc CHỦ TỪ + BE GOING TO + BE + éỘNG TỪ THấM -ING 11. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH - FUTURE PERFECT Khẳng định: S + shall/will + have + Past Participle Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O Nghi vấn: shall/will + NOT+ be + V_ing+ O? Từ nhận biết: by the time and prior to the time (cú nghĩa là before) Cách dùng th́ tương lai hoàn thành: Thỡ tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động trong tương lai sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai. CHỦ TỪ + WILL + HAVE + QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (PAST PARTICIPLE) 12. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Khẳng định: S + shall/will + have been + V_ing + O Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ have been + V_ing + O Nghi vấn: shall/will + S+ have been + V_ing + O? Cách dùng th́ tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Thỡ tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động sẽ đang xảy ra trong tương lai và sẽ kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai. Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will. CHỦ TỪ + AM (IS/ARE) GOING TO + éỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form) Khi diễn tả sự tỡnh nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dựng will khụng được dùng be going to. CHỦ TỪ + WILL + éỘNG TỪ (ở hiện tại: simple form) * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D. 1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London. A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living 2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen 3. The train ______ half an hour ago. A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left 4. Jack ______ the door. A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting 5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 6. I ______ Texas State University now. A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended 7. He has been selling motorbikes ________. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering 9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 10. We _______ there when our father died. A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. were still living 11. They ______ table tennis when their father comes back home. A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play 12. By Christmas, I _______ for Mr. Smith for six years. A. shall have been workingB. shall work C. have been working D. shall be working 13. I _______ in the room right now. A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am 14. I ______ to New York three times this year. A. have been B. was C. were D. had been 15. I’ll come and see you before I _______ for the States. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend. A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened 17. John ______ a book when I saw him. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 18. He said he _______ return later. A. will B. would C. can D. would be 19. I have been waiting for you ______. A. since early morning B. since 9a. m C. for two hours D. All are correct 20. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 21. By the age of 25, he ______ two famous novels. A. wrote B. writes C. has written D. had written 22. While her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week. A. was reading B. wrote C. was written D. had written 23. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ______ a few days previously. A. broke down B. has been broken C. had broken down D. breaks down 24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play. A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying 25. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him. A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left 26. After I _______ lunch, I looked for my bag. A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had 27. By the end of next year, George _______ English for two years. A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn 28. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk 30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinn ... riends, the boy felt lonely. 43. Unless someone has a key, we cannot get into the house. A. We could not get into the house if someone had a key. B. If someone does not have a key, we can only get into the house. C. We can only get into the house if someone has a key. D. If someone did not have a key, we could not get into the house. 44. Conan said to me, "If I were you, I would read different types of books in different ways. " A. Conan ordered me to read different types of books in different ways. B. I said to Conan to read different types of books in different ways to me. C. I read different types of books in different ways to Conan as he told me. D. Conan advised me to read different types of books in different ways. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions, from 45 to 51 45. There should be new measures to discourage car use in favour of public transport. A. prevent B. encourage C. disapprove D. disconnect 46. I don’t like the way he refers to his problems obliquely. A. directly B. indirectly C. politely D. impolitely Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction, from 47 to 51 47. The British labor movement developed as a means of improve working conditions through group efforts. A B C D 48. Poverty in the United States is noticeably different from that in the others countries. A B C D 49. Five-credits-hour courses are approved for the student's work in the major field of interest. A B C D 50. The basic law of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are taught to all elementary A B C school students D 51. On Aprial 14, 1865, an actor named John Wilkes Booth, angered by the South’s defeat in the A B C Civil War, shot and had killed Precident Abraham Lincoln D Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions, from 52 to 60 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was formed in 1935 during the height of the Great Depression as part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal package to bring the economy around and provide relief for the millions of unemployed throughout the country; the goal of the program was to maintain peoples' skills and respect by providing work to as many as possible during this period of massive unemployment. For the eight years that the WPA was in existence from 1935 to 1943, the WPA was responsible for providing jobs to approximately eight million people at a cost of more than eleven billion dollars. One of the more controversial programs of the WPA was the Federal Arts Project, a program to employ artists full-time at such tasks as painting murals in libraries, theaters, train stations, and airports; teaching various techniques of art; and preparing a comprehensive study of American crafts. Criticism of the program centered on what was perceived as the frivolity of supporting the arts at a time when millions were starving, industry was sagging, farms were barren, and all that could flourish were bankruptcy courts and soup kitchens. 52. This passage mainly discusses A. the Great Depression B. the benefits of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal C. the New Deal and one of its controversies D. bankruptcy courts and soup kitchens 53. The word "package" could best be replaced by A. carton B. secret gift C. box D. bundle of ralated items 54. According to the passage, the stated purpose of the WPA was to A. create new American masterpieces B. raise the standard of American art C. introduce new art techniques to the American public D. improve the economy 55. The word "massive" in line 5 is closest in meaning to A. tremendous B. rocky C. clustered D. dangerous 56 The word "controversial" is closest in meaning to A. disputed B. successful C. creative D. comprehensive 57. All the following probably helped to make the Federal Arts Project controversial EXCEPT that A. the Federal Arts Project employed many who would otherwise have been out of work B. train stations and airports were decorated with murals C. the Federal Arts Project commissioned art works D. a tremendous study of American crafts was produced 58. The expression "centered on" could best be replaced by A. encircled B. located on C. focused on D. surrounded 59. When the author states that "... all that could flourish were bankruptcy courts and soup kitchens," he or she probably means that A. banks and restaurants did well during the Depression B. the poor could not afford to use banks or eat soup C. the only organizations to thrive were those that dealt with the poor D. many restaurants declared bankruptcy during the Depression 60. Where in the passage does the author give examples of artistic jobs? A. lines 1-6 B. lines 6-8 C. lines 9-12 D. lines 12-15 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 70. The invention of the electric telegraph gave birth to the communications industry. Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in making the invention useful in 1837, It was not until 1843 that the first telegraph line of consequence was contributed. By 1860, more than 50,000 miles of lines had connected people east of the Rockies. The following year, San Francisco was added to the network. The national telegraph network fortified the ties between East and West and contributed to the rapid expansion of the railroads by providing and efficient means to monitors schedules and routes. Furthermore, the extension of the telegraph, combined with the invention of the steam-driven rotary printing press by Richard M. Hoe in 1846, revolutionized the world of Journalism. Where the business of news gathering had been dependent upon the mail and on hand -operated presses, the telegraph expanded the amount of information a newspaper could supply and allowed for timelier reporting. The establishment of the Associated Press as a central wire service in 1846 marked the advent of a new ers in journalism. 61. The main topic of the passage is______. A. the history of journalism B. the origin of the national telegraph network C. how the telegraph network contributed to the expansion of railroads D. the contributions and development of the telegraph network 62. according to the passage, how did the telegraph enhance the business of news gathering? A. By allowing for timelier reporting B. By adding San Francisco t the network C. By expanding the railroads D. By monitoring schedules and routes for the railroads 63. The author’s main purpose in this passage is to________. A. compare the invention of the telegraph with the invention of the steam-driven rotary press B. propose new ways to develop the communications industry C. show how the electric telegraph affected the communications industry D. criticize Samuel B. Morse 64. The phrase “the Rockies” in the first paragraph refers to______. A. a telephone company B. the West Coast C. a mountain range D. a railroad company 65. It can be inferred from the passage that______. A. Samuel Morse did not make a significant contribution to the communications industry B. Morse’s invention immediately achieved its full potential C. The extension of the telegraph was more important than its invention D. Journalists have the Associated Press to thank for the birth of the communications industry 66. The word “ revolutionized” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_____. A. destroyed B. revolved C gathered D. transformed 67. According to the passage, which of the following is Not true about the growth of the communications industry? A. Morse invented the telegraph in 1837. B. People could use the telegraph in San Francisco in 1861. C. The telegraph led to the invention of the rotary printing press. D. The telegraph helped connect the entire nation. 68. The word “gathering “in the second paragraph refers to. A). people B. information C. objects D. computer magazine 69. This passage would most likely be found in a_____. A U. S. history book B. book on trains C. science textbook D. computer magazine 70. How does the author feel about the invention of the electric telegraph? A. indifferent B. admiring C. neutral D. uninterested Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks, from 71 to 80 At 19, Ben Way was already a millionaire, and one of a number of teenagers who_____(71) their fortune through the Internet. _____(72) makes Ben’s story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was_____ (73)by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly. ” I wanted to prove them_____ (74)“, says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. When he was eight, his local authorities_____(75) him with a PC to help with school work. Althrough he was_____ (76)to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began_____(77) people $ 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he _____(78) up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to_____(79) all his time to business. “By this time the company had grown and needed to take_____(80) a couple of employees to help me”, says Ben. That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies. It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the “Young Entrepreneur of the year” award in the same year that he formed Waysearch. 71. A. taken B. made C. put D. done 72. A. This B. That C. Something D. What 73. A. said B. told C. suggested D. reported 74. A. wrong B. false C. untrue D. unfair 75. A. provided B. gave C. offered D. got 76. A. imppossible B. incapable C. disabled D. unable 77. A. owing B. charging C. lending D. borrowing 78. A. put B. ran C. made D. set 79. A. pay B. spend C. devote D. invest 80. A. on B. up C. out D. over www.minh-pham.info KEY TO PRACTICE 28 QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER 1 B 21 A 41 B 61 D 2 C 22 D 42 D 62 A 3 D 23 A 43 C 63 C 4 C 24 D 44 D 64 C 5 D 25 B 45 B 65 B 6 D 26 D 46 A 66 D 7 B 27 A 47 C 67 C 8 28 B 48 D 68 B 9 B 29 C 49 A 69 A 10 D 30 A 50 C 70 B 11 A 31 C 51 D 71 B 12 B 32 B 52 C 72 D 13 C 33 B 53 D 73 B 14 D 34 B 54 D 74 A 15 D 35 D 55 A 75 A 16 D 36 A 56 A 76 D 17 A 37 D 57 A 77 B 18 C 38 A 58 C 78 D 19 A 39 B 59 C 79 C 20 D 40 A 60 C 80 A
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